300000 years ago, when Homo sapiens was just a project, hominid groups chose these lands in their way to the interior of Iberia. Man life then was not very different from that of the animals he chased, in scavenger groups seeking resources, hidden in the landscape as just one more living being. And there remained during millennia.

But the situation changed 7000 years ago, after the end of the glacial times, when the first farmer populations entered the Ambrona Valley, probably from the Ebro valley, introducing here the agriculture and livestock raising. Then it began the first antropization of the landscape, with the symbolic delimitation of the territories with the monumental tombs.

Since then a considerable demographic increase occurred, and we know more than 30 defensive settlements of Copper, Bronze and Iron Age chronology, in a people concentration process. The end of this process abruptly coincides with the Roman invasion.

The roman chronicles mention the existence of small Celtic populations (Tittos and Belos tribes) in this area mainly dedicated to the livestock raising but also with cereals agriculture. The full romanization resulted in the abandonment of these habitats and the settlement of the plain fertile lands.

With the development of the stone roads this area was going to become an important regional crossroad. The fall of the Roman Empire was in this area an obscure period of decadence when the past flourishing cities were abandoned.

During this Late Roman - First Medieval times our area is a frontier region. During the High Medieval period, the Córdoba Califat proclaimed Medinaceli as the capital of the Duero Marca Media. The Ambrona Valley suffered first the Moor - Christian wars and later the struggle between Castilla and Aragón Kingdoms. Alfonso VIII conquered these lands for Castilla and later the Reyes Católicos declared them Dukedom.